Fig. 3: Correlation coefficients (R) between each environmental forcing factor (n = 20) and CIA.

Correlations with p value of >0.001 are shown as open symbols. The order of forcing factors in each category is sorted by correlation coefficient with CIA. Negative values mean a negative correlation. Most of |R| are lower than 0.5, indicating a subordinate control of these factors on weathering intensity over a global scale. Mean annual temperature (MAT) is the only factor with |R | of >0.5. The correlation coefficients (R) with WIP are provided in Supplementary Fig. 2. Climatic metric: MAT-mean annual temperature (^oC), Et-actual evapotranspiration (m/yr), MAP-mean annual precipitation (m/yr), PS-precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation, %), TS-temperature seasonality (standard deviation, °C); geomorphic metric: ST-upland hillslope soil thickness (m), SY-modeled sediment yield (t/km²/yr) using BQART model²⁹, L-flow length (km), A-drainage area (km²), S-mean local slope (^o), E-mean elevation (m), RT-upland hillslope regolith thickness (m); lithological metric: SR-clastic sedimentary rock area (%), BR-basic rock area (%), CR-carbonate rock area (%), MR-metamorphic rock area (%), AR-acidic-intermediate rock area (%); land cover metric: Ve-vegetation cover area (%), Tr-tree cover area (%), I-ice and snow cover area (%).