Fig. 6: Identification of core and conditionally rare or abundant taxa based on V1–V3 amplicon data.

a Identification of strict, general and loose core genera based on how often a given genus was observed at a relative abundance above 0.1% in WWTPs. b Identification of conditionally rare or abundant (CRAT) genera based on whether a given genus was observed at a relative abundance above 1% in at least one WWTP. The cumulative genus abundance is based on all ASVs classified at the genus-level. All core genera were removed before identification of the CRAT genera. c, d Number of genera and species, respectively, and their abundance in different process types across the global WWTPs. Values for genera and species are divided into strict core, general core, loose core, CRAT, other taxa and unclassified ASVs. The relative abundance of different groups was calculated based on the mean relative abundance of individual genera or species across samples. C carbon removal, C,N carbon removal with nitrification, C,N,DN carbon removal with nitrification and denitrification, C,N,DN,P carbon removal with nitrogen removal and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR).