Fig. 1: Data and design.
Brain maps in main figures plot all sites in left-hemisphere Montreal Neurological Institute space for display purposes. a Behavioral task (see Supplementary Table 4). b Map of electrode sites colored by participant. c Region-of-interest sites (ROI; colored circles) and non-ROI sites (black dots). ROIs were defined using each participant’s native cortical surface. d–f Within-site analytic pipeline using a mid-cingulate exemplar site. d High-frequency broadband power (HFB; 70–180 Hz) across timepoints and trials. Black areas indicate discarded timepoints (post-trial). e Single-trial analysis compared evoked HFB power versus pre-stimulus baseline (Welch’s tests) to provide five key HFB metrics. Duration: total timepoints with significant activations (brown areas; pFDR < 0.05, corrected across timepoints, trials, and sites). Onset Latency: earliest timepoint with significant activation (green squares). Peak Latency and Peak Power: timepoint and magnitude, respectively, of the strongest activation (white squares). Offset Latency: latest timepoint with significant activation (red squares). Gray areas indicate nonsignificant (NS) activations. f Trial-averaged analysis identified sites that were active, deactive, or nonresponsive for each task condition. Sites were considered ‘active’ or ‘deactive’ if evoked HFB power was significantly higher or lower, respectively, than pre-stimulus baseline (pFDR < 0.05, corrected across timepoints and sites). Colored lines show mean timecourses of evoked HFB power (β) estimated by linear mixed-effects modeling (nested within Trial). Thick solid lines indicate significant responses. Thin dashed lines indicate nonsignificant responses. Shaded areas indicate standard error of β. Abbreviations: s = seconds, ms = milliseconds, ITI = inter-trial interval, RTBehav = behavioral response time, Visual = visual cortex, ATL = anterior temporal lobe, TPJ = temporoparietal junction, PMC = posteromedial cortex, amPFC = anteromedial prefrontal cortex, dmPFC = dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, vmPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex, pFDR = p-value adjusted for false discovery rate.
