Fig. 1: Serum HIV-1 antibody responses in PTC and PTNC.

a Pie chart distinguishes the PTC experiencing transient viral loads (VL) over 50 copies/ml (ePTC, red, n = 12) from those stably aviremic (sPTC, blue, n = 10). b Violin plots showing the frequency of transient viremic episodes in ePTC (n = 12) according to VL. Light red dots indicate ePTC who resumed ART before the analysis (Supplementary Table 1). c Dot plots comparing the serum anti-Env and anti-p24 IgG titers (as area under the curve of ELISA optical density values (AUC)) between sPTC (blue, n = 10) and ePTC (red, n = 12) after treatment interruption (TI), and in PTNC (n = 20) before (light grey) and after TI (dark grey). Groups and PTNC timepoints were compared using two-tailed Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. p values are indicated. d Dot plots comparing HIV-1 VL in PTNC pre- and post-TI (n = 20). Average time post-TI is 1.73 years (Supplementary Table 1). e Dot plots comparing the IgG seroneutralizing activity against Bal.26 HIV-1 strain in PTNC pre- and post-TI (n = 20). Timepoints matched those in (c), and were compared using a two-tailed Wilcoxon test. f Graphs comparing the serum IgG antibody titers against HIV-1 Env and p24 proteins over time for the selected PTC (ePTC, red, n = 4; sPTC, blue, n = 1). Post-TI (1) corresponds to 2.07 [1–3.22] years after TI, post-TI (2) corresponds to 14.2 [12.7–18] years after TI, and M12 and M24 timepoints correspond to 12 and 24 months after post-TI (2), respectively. Donors 216001 and 200001 were “rebounders” who resumed to ART at post-TI (2) (Supplementary Table 1). g Bar graphs showing the IgG seroreactivity against clade B Env overlapping peptides as measured by ELISA in PTC sub-groups and PTNC post-TI. Each bar shows the cumulative IgG reactivity for all donors against a single peptide. Amino acid sequences on the top indicate immunodominant linear Env regions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.