Fig. 3: Electrochemical performance of the cells with surface-tailored LLZOs and Li-metal anodes. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Electrochemical performance of the cells with surface-tailored LLZOs and Li-metal anodes.

From: High-energy and durable lithium metal batteries using garnet-type solid electrolytes with tailored lithium-metal compatibility

Fig. 3

a Critical current densities of pristine (light blue and green lines) and surface-tailored (dark blue and green lines) Ta– or Al–LLZO as determined by galvanostatic cycle tests on the symmetrical cells with increasing current densities ranging from 0.1 to 1 mA cm–2 at a step size of 0.1 mA cm–2 and from 1.0 to 3.0 mA cm–2 at a step size of 0.2 mA cm–2. At each current density, the cells were cycled twice with 30 min of Li plating/stripping. b Voltage profiles of Li/LLZO/NCM111 cells at 60 °C with doped, surface-tailored electrolytes. c Rate capability for various dopants. d Cyclability of surface-tailored Ta–LLZO and an NCM811 cathode with a high capacity of 6.4 mAh cm–2 at 60 °C. A capacity of 6.0 mAh cm–2 corresponds to a Li-metal thickness above 30 μm. e Rate capability of various dopants. f Cyclability of surface-stabilised Ta–LLZO at 100 °C. For the rate capability test at 100 °C, the cells were operated with increasing current densities (indicated with numbers in parentheses).

Back to article page