Fig. 2: Remodeling of gut microbiota under CR or HFD.

a PCoA plot based on the Canberra similarity of cecal microbial composition. PCoA1 axis level of the three groups. b Hierarchical clustering based on the Canberra similarity among three groups. c The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes among three groups. d LDA effect size method was performed to compare enriched taxa (levels of genus) in each group. The bar plot listed the significantly differential taxa (score >3.5) in HF, CR, and CD groups. e Fold change of the species enriched in the CD group with the most abundance. f Heatmap of correlation coefficients between the KEGG L3 pathway and phenotypes of the individuals with similar body weight before 4-week HFD by Spearman correlation. Each correlation coefficient smaller than −0.8 or bigger than 0.8 was included in the plot, the p-values were adjusted by the method of Bonferroni. The color of each spot in the heatmap corresponds to the r value. g Relative abundance of the 7α-HSDH (K00076) pathway. h Relative abundance of the BSH (K01442) pathway. n = 5 per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM in the bar plots. All p-values in figures were calculated by the two-tailed unpaired T-test in the GraphPad software. Source data are provided as a Source data file. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); insulin tolerance tests (ITT); area under the curve (AUC); epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT); brown adipose tissue (BAT); bile salt hydrolase (BSH); 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH); principal coordinate analysis (PCoA); linear discriminant analysis (LDA).