Fig. 1: Men with autoimmune disease have increased BPH prevalence.
Chi-square tests were utilized to compare the proportion of BPH diagnoses in men with an AI condition versus men with no AI condition. Colors indicate categories of patients, where black = patients without AI disease, gray = patients with AI disease, green = patients diagnosed with AI disease prior to BPH diagnosis, and yellow = patients diagnosed with AI disease after BPH diagnosis. a Flow chart indicating the breakdown of patients into groups based on the presence of AI disease diagnosis (9.6% with and 90.4% without AI disease diagnosis). Patients with AI disease diagnosis were further separated into groups based on whether AI disease diagnosis occurred prior to or after BPH diagnosis. b BPH prevalence in patients without AI disease is 20.3%. c BPH prevalence in patients with AI disease is 30.6%. d Graph indicates the significant increase in BPH prevalence in patients with different AI diseases compared to patients without AI disease using chi-square tests. e The BPH incidence in patients previously diagnosed with AI conditions, when patients may have been treated for these conditions, is 19.4%. f Chi-square tests indicate the significant changes in BPH incidence in patients diagnosed with different AI diseases prior to BPH diagnosis compared to the baseline BPH prevalence of 20.3%. a indicates a significantly higher BPH incidence than the 20.3% reference, although this is decreased from 38.0% prevalence in all RA patients (d). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.
