Fig. 5: Formation of the high-performance air electrode of BCFN covered with fine BCFN NPs with less Nb. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Formation of the high-performance air electrode of BCFN covered with fine BCFN NPs with less Nb.

From: Surface restructuring of a perovskite-type air electrode for reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells

Fig. 5: Formation of the high-performance air electrode of BCFN covered with fine BCFN NPs with less Nb.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a. TEM image and elemental (Ba, Co Fe, and Nb) mapping of a BCFN grain after electrochemical testing at 650 °C; b. Elemental profile along the scanning line shown in the TEM image; c. Comparison of computed segregation energies (J m−2) for stoichiometric Ba(B0.5B′0.5)O3 (B,B′ = Co, Fe, or Nb); d. Illustration of CoO-terminated BCFN(001) surface models representing segregation of Nb from the bulk to the surface; e. Computed segregation energy (eV) for three different dopant cations of Ba0.9(Co0.63Fe0.25Nb0.13)O3; and f. A schematic illustration of the formation of Nb-deficient BCFN NPs on the BCFN air electrode.

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