Fig. 5: Changes in M1-DLS cross-area subspace modulation.
a Canonical correlation analysis (CCA): identification of axis with maximal correlation between M1 and DLS activity (purple dotted line), with example value of projected population activity at time t1 (solid line on shared axis) for M1 population activity (left, green) and DLS population activity (right, black). b Example bootstrap shuffled distribution of R2 values for identification of significant canonical variable (CV) axes. c Top: single-trial M1 spiking activity. Middle: single-trial DLS spiking activity. Bottom: corresponding single-trial M1 (green) and DLS (black) activations along CV1. Pre-reach period (gray) is −1 to −0.5 s before first reach onset. Reach period (blue-orange) is −0.1 s to 0.4 s around first reach onset. d M1 and DLS cross-area activity before (black) and during (color) reach, for A trials (top row) and B trials (bottom row) across session types for example animal. e Equation for relative modulation index (RMI) of CCA activation, comparing reach and pre-reach periods. f RMI for trials with first reach to A, for M1 activations (left, green) and DLS activations (right, green), across automatic and variable sessions. R1 to A, M1 and DLS RMI: auto, n = 220 trials; var, n = 95 trials. Data are presented as box plots with 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. g Same as (f), for trials with first reach to B, across variable and relearned sessions. R1 to B, M1 and DLS RMI: var, n = 150 trials; rel, n = 464 trials. Data are presented as box plots with 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. *<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001, linear mixed effects model, Bonferroni-corrected significance. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
