Fig. 3: In vivo immune response of scaffold in mouse intramuscular and rabbit skull defect model. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: In vivo immune response of scaffold in mouse intramuscular and rabbit skull defect model.

From: An instantly fixable and self-adaptive scaffold for skull regeneration by autologous stem cell recruitment and angiogenesis

Fig. 3: In vivo immune response of scaffold in mouse intramuscular and rabbit skull defect model.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a H&E staining of implants on days 7 and 14 after implantation in mouse intramuscular. b Cell morphologies of macrophages on different implants. c1) Representative flow cytometry plots of F4/80+, CD197+CD206− macrophages (M1) and CD197−CD206+ macrophages (M2) polarization in DCLS and HCLS on days 7 and 14 after implantation in mouse intramuscular. c2–4) Relevant quantification of F4/80+, CD197+CD206− macrophages (M1) and CD197−CD206+ macrophages (M2) polarization in DCLS and HCLS (c2: **p = 0.0054, ***p = 0.0004, ***p = 0.0009, *p = 0.0431; c3: **p = 0.0078, ***p = 2.1538 × 10−5, ***p = 0.0006, ns = 0.1301; c4: **p = 3.7781 × 10−5, ***p = 6.6342 × 10−5, *p = 0.0482, *p = 0.0365). d1–5 Expression of inflammatory factors induced by implants after implantation in the mouse intramuscular model for 7 and 14 days. n = 3 biologically independent replicates (d1: *p = 0.0378, **p = 0.0018, **p = 0.0022; d2: **p = 0.0065, ***p = 7.8921 × 10−5, ns = 0.0843; d3: **p = 0.0024, **p = 0.0019, ***p = 2.4562 × 10−5; d4: *p = 0.0342, **p = 0.0055, ***p = 4.1243 × 10−7; d5: *p = 0.0158, *p = 0.0301, **p = 0.0087). e1 Representative immunostainings of CD197 and CD206, BMP-2 secretion and F4/80+, and VEGF secretion and F4/80+ macrophages on days 7 and 14 after implantation in mouse intramuscular. e2–5 Relevant semiquantitative analysis of immunofluorescence staining by Image J software e2: *p = 0.0180, **p = 0.0091; e3: *p = 0.0342, *p = 0.0435; e4: **p = 0.0033, ***p = 8.0122 × 10−6; e5: *p = 0.0185, **p = 0.0044). f1 Representative immunostainings of CD197 and CD206, BMP-2 secretion and F4/80+ and VEGF secretion and F4/80+ macrophages on days 7 and 14 after implantation in rabbit skull defect. f2–5 Relevant semiquantitative analysis of immunofluorescence staining by Image J software (f2: **p = 0.0020, *p = 0.0416; f3: *p = 0.0196, *p = 0.0394; f4: *p = 0.0149, ***p = 5.5420 × 10−8; f5: ***p = 4.6347 × 10−6, ***p = 8.1728 × 10−7). n = 3 cells examined three independent experiments. (Two-sided comparison, error bars represent standard deviation, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001).

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