Table 1 On-site couplings between ferroelectric soft mode P and high-frequency auxiliary mode Q.

From: Deterministic control of ferroelectric polarization by ultrafast laser pulses

Coefficients (Λ)

Coupling energies

2.02 × 1013

\({{{\Lambda }}}_{2}({P}_{x}^{2}{Q}_{x}^{2}+{P}_{y}^{2}{Q}_{y}^{2}+{P}_{z}^{2}{Q}_{z}^{2})\)

−2.13 × 1012

\({{{\Lambda }}}_{22}({P}_{x}^{2}{Q}_{y}^{2}+{P}_{x}^{2}{Q}_{z}^{2}+{P}_{y}^{2}{Q}_{z}^{2}+{P}_{y}^{2}{Q}_{x}^{2}+{P}_{z}^{2}{Q}_{x}^{2}+{P}_{z}^{2}{Q}_{y}^{2})\)

2.68 × 1011

\({{{\Lambda }}}_{3}({P}_{x}^{3}{Q}_{x}+{P}_{y}^{3}{Q}_{y}+{P}_{z}^{3}{Q}_{z})\)

8.86 × 1011

\({{{\Lambda }}}_{1}({P}_{x}{Q}_{x}^{3}+{P}_{y}{Q}_{y}^{3}+{P}_{z}{Q}_{z}^{3})\)

9.69 × 1011

\({{{\Lambda }}}_{211}({P}_{x}^{2}{P}_{y}{Q}_{y}+{P}_{x}{P}_{y}^{2}{Q}_{x}+{P}_{x}^{2}{P}_{z}{Q}_{z}+{P}_{x}{P}_{z}^{2}{Q}_{x}+{P}_{y}^{2}{P}_{z}{Q}_{z}+{P}_{y}{P}_{z}^{2}{Q}_{y})\)

−4.61 × 1011

\({{{\Lambda }}}_{112}({P}_{x}{Q}_{x}{Q}_{y}^{2}+{P}_{y}{Q}_{x}^{2}{Q}_{y}+{P}_{z}{Q}_{x}^{2}{Q}_{z}+{P}_{x}{Q}_{x}{Q}_{z}^{2}+{P}_{z}{Q}_{y}^{2}{Q}_{z}+{P}_{y}{Q}_{y}{Q}_{z}^{2})\)

1.70 × 1013

Λ1111(PxPyQxQy + PyPzQyQz + PzPxQzQx)

  1. The unit of these fourth-order coupling coefficients is Nm6/C4.