Fig. 4: Results of ROI analysis based on the fMRI data obtained before and after the HDTBR.

a The bar charts show the BM inversion effect in the pSTS, hMT + , and FBA, the face inversion effect in the FFA, and the house inversion effect in the PPA, averaged across participants. Colored dots represent individual data. Error bars indicate ±1 SEM. *: p = 0.019 (two-tailed paired t-test). A summary of the ROIs is displayed in a single participant. b The enhancements of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the pSTS and two insula ROIs (Ri: retroinsula; pIns: posterior insula) after vs. before the bed rest were significantly correlated with the change of the inversion effect in BM perception (BMIE). No reliable correlation was observed between such RSFC change and the change of the inversion effect in face perception (FIE), or between the Ins-FFA RSFC change and the change of perceptual FIE. Note that in a and b, we present data obtained from participants who showed valid performances in the corresponding behavioral task to facilitate the further correlation analysis (see methods for details; n = 12 in the BM condition for pSTS and MT + , n = 9 for FBA since no cluster could be identified in three participants due to noisy signals; n = 15 in the face condition for FFA, and n = 16 in the house condition for PPA). Additional results for ROI analysis based on data from all participants (n = 16) are shown in Fig. S1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.