Fig. 10: Dual roles of GPI-anchored Bnl.

a A model showing that the GPI-anchored Bnl directs both target-specific cytoneme contact formation and contact-dependent Bnl release. Green dashed arrows, a putative CAM-like local signaling mechanism that can promote polarized cytoskeletal reorganization for cytoneme formation. Black arrow (Bnl source), Bnl processing and trafficking36,67; black arrow (ASP cells), a MAPK signaling feedback that promotes the formation of Bnl-receiving ASP cytonemes toward the source9. b, c Schematic models illustrating why freely secreted BnlΔC might lack its CAM-like bidirectional signaling (b) and regain the bidirectional activity by the addition of a TM domain (BnlΔC-TM) (c).