Fig. 5: YK-2-69 inhibited cell growth and metastasis and induced apoptosis in PCa cells.

a Antiproliferative activity of YK-2-69 against DU145 and 22Rv1 shDYRK2 cells. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. b, c Effects of YK-2-69 (4, 8, 12 µM or 0.5, 1, 2 µM), palbociclib (2 or 0.5 µM), or enzalutamide (40 or 20 µM) treatment on the DU145 (b) and 22Rv1 (c) cells viability during a 5-day course. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. d, e Quantification of DU145 (d) and 22Rv1 (e) cells colony numbers. Before being plated on the 24-well plate for colony formation, DU145 and 22Rv1 cells were treated with DMSO, YK-2-69 (2, 4, 8, or 0.5, 1, 2 µM), palbociclib (2 or 0.5 µM), or enzalutamide (40 or 20 µM) for 48 h. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. f, g Quantification of migration ability of DU145 (f) and 22Rv1 (g) cells after treatment with DMSO, YK-2-69 (2, 4, 8 µM or 0.5, 1, 2 µM), palbociclib (2 or 0.5 µM), or enzalutamide (40 or 20 µM) for 48 h. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. h, i Quantification of invasion ability of DU145 (h) and 22Rv1(i) cells after treatment with DMSO, YK-2-69 (2, 4, 8 or 0.5, 1, 2 µM), palbociclib (2 or 0.5 µM), or enzalutamide (40 or 20 µM) for 48 h. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. j, k Apoptosis of DU145 (j) and 22Rv1 (k) cells after treatment with DMSO, YK-2-69 (2, 4, 8 or 0.5, 1, 2 µM), palbociclib (2 or 0.5 µM), or enzalutamide (40 or 20 µM) for 48 h determined by flow cytometry. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. l, m Cell cycle phase distribution of DU145 (l) and 22Rv1 (m) cells after treatment with DMSO, YK-2-69 (2, 4, 8 or 0.5, 1, 2 µM), palbociclib (2 or 0.5 µM), or enzalutamide (40 or 20 µM) for 48 h determined by flow cytometry. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bar, mean ± SD, n = 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.