Fig. 2: Developmental improvement of swim-related predictive ocular motor behavior and horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex performance.
a Movement of the left (Leye) and right eye (Reye), triggered by spino-ocular motor coupling (pictogram) at stage 49 (a1), 52 (a2) and 58 (a3) during undulatory tail movements. b Quantification of spino-ocular motor coupling parameters, presented as scatter plot of eye motion amplitudes relative to tail motion amplitudes (b1), histogram (gray bars) of the correlation coefficient (R) and linear (lin.) regressions (r², black spheres) between stage 49 and 58 (b2, stage 49: N = 8, stage 52: N = 6, stage 55: N = 7, stage 58: N = 9), linearity analysis of the eye position gain (left in b3, stage 49: N = 8, stage 52: N = 5, stage 58: N = 7) and phase (right in b3, stage 49: N = 10, stage 52: N = 4, stage 58: N = 6) as function of the tail undulation amplitude for three representative stages (see color-code); data are presented as mean values ± SEM. The inset illustrates a polar plot of the average phase relation (mean ± 95% confidence intervals; detailed polar plots shown in Supplementary Fig. 2d, e) at stage 49 and stage 58. c Angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR), elicited by sinusoidal horizontal head rotation (pictogram) at 1 Hz and ±10° positional excursions at stage 49 (c1), 52 (c2) and 58 (c3) in the absence of swim-related tail undulations (light blue line) in darkness. d Linearity analysis of the aVOR gain (d1) and phase (d2) plotted as function of the head motion amplitude for three representative stages (see color-code; stage 49: N = 4, stage 52: N = 5, stage 58: N = 5) during sinusoidal rotations at 1 Hz (mean ± SEM). e Summary plot of the eye position gain (mean ± SEM) as index for the proficiency of spino-ocular motor coupling, aVOR, OKR and gVOR during larval development from stage 45 to stage 58. Numbers of animals (N) used in this plot were equivalent to the numbers of animals employed in Supplementary Figs. 1d, e and 2b3–d1 at different developmental stages. le, ri, leftward, rightward movement. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
