Fig. 2: Simulated physiological response of S. cerevisiae as a function of the extracellular glucose concentration.
a Simulated glucose uptake rates, ethanol production rates and specific growth rates under different extracellular glucose concentrations. Each point is the simulated result under a certain extracellular glucose condition. b Specific glucose uptake rate carried by each glucose transporter and the total glucose uptake rate. Hxt1 and Hxt3 are two low-affinity glucose transporters, while Hxt7 is a high-affinity glucose transporter. c Calculation of secretory costs of different glucose transporters with the total glucose uptake rate at input for each extracellular glucose concentration, unit secretory cost, KM and kcat that are specific to each transporter based on Eq. (1) in the Methods. Unit secretory cost is independent from the extracellular glucose concentrations and glucose uptake, while the secretory cost (y-axis) represents the cost for utilizing specific glucose transporters to sustain specific glucose uptake and the corresponding growth rate, respectively, which is a combination result of enzyme kinetics and total glucose uptake rate as described in Eq. (1). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
