Fig. 3: Parvalbumin functions as a CSF1R antagonist to inhibit M2 macrophages.
From: Targeting parvalbumin promotes M2 macrophage polarization and energy expenditure in mice
a Representative immunoblots showing effects of parvalbumin (100 ng/ml) treatment on IL4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation at indicated time in BMDMs. b Representative immunoblots showing effects of parvalbumin (100 ng/ml) treatment on MCSF-induced mTORC2 downstream targets and ERK activation at indicated time in BMDMs. Representative immunoblots showing effects of varying concentrations of parvalbumin treatment on MCSF-induced mTORC2 downstream targets and ERK activation in BMDMs (concentrations of parvalbumin: 10 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml) (c) and human PBMCs (concentrations of parvalbumin:10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml) (d). e examination of mTORC2 activity through in vitro kinase assay. f Co-localization of parvalbumin with transiently transfected CSF1R in COS7 cells. Scale bar, 20 μm. g Interaction between parvalbumin and immunoprecipitated GFP-tagged CSF1R. h Measurement of the binding affinity between parvalbumin and CSF1R proteins by SPR method. i Concentration-response curve of MCSF on CSF1R activation detected by ELK1-Luc in cells stably expressing CSF1R (MCSF EC50 = 0.36 ± 0.03 nM, n = 3 per group). j Concentration-response curve of parvalbumin on ELK1-Luc, showing that parvalbumin alone does not activate CSF1R (n = 3 per group). k Concentration-response curve of parvalbumin on CSF1R activation in the presence of MCSF (parvalbumin IC50 = 3.26 ± 0.06 nM) (n = 3 per group). l Concentration-response curve of parvalbumin on CSF1R activation in the presence of increasing concentrations of parvalbumin, showing that parvalbumin is a noncompetitive antagonist of CSF1R (n = 3 per group). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
