Table 1 Overview of the direction of effects of environmental and management variables on yield and species richness across seven taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, and ants).
Predictor | Yield | Species richness |
|---|---|---|
Vanilla planting density (no/ha) | + | − Trees |
− Endemic trees | ||
+ Endemic herbaceous plants | ||
Vanilla vine length (cm) | + | − Trees |
− Endemic trees | ||
− Reptiles | ||
(− Endemic reptiles) | ||
Vanilla plant age (yrs) | ||
Pollination labor input (hrs/ha) | (+) | |
Soil characteristics (PC1) | − Endemic trees | |
+ Endemic reptiles | ||
+ Butterflies | ||
+ Endemic butterflies | ||
− Endemic birds | ||
(+ Herbaceous plants) | ||
Canopy closure (%) | + Trees | |
+ Reptiles | ||
+ Endemic reptiles | ||
+ Endemic ants | ||
(+ Endemic herbaceous plants) | ||
Slope (°) | − Amphibians | |
(− Endemic amphibians) | ||
Landscape forest cover (%) | + Trees | |
+ Endemic trees | ||
+ Endemic herbaceous plants | ||
+ Endemic ants | ||
(− Amphibians) | ||
Understory vegetation cover (%) | + Endemic birds | |
(− Endemic butterflies) | ||
(− Butterflies) | ||
Elevation (m) | + Herbaceous plants |
