Fig. 6: Model results during dike propagation towards the surface.
Plots of magma ascent dynamics within a dike in which the cooling rate during ascent is 2 × 10−3 °C s−1. a Undercooling (∆T) as a function of depth. b Crystal aspect ratio as a function of ∆T. c Crystal volume fraction as a function of ∆T. The solid lines represent the crystal volume fraction (ϕ), whereas the dashed lines represent the maximum packing fraction (ϕm). The red line represents the maximum aspect ratios achievable at ∆T ≥ 30 °C during dendritic crystal growth and considers the entrapment of melt between branches that further increases the crystal volume fraction. d Magma viscosity as a function of depth. e Dike propagation velocity as a function of depth. f Time needed to propagate dike from 10 km to the depths where the ϕm is met. Data plotted in Fig. 6 are provided in the Supplementary Data 1.
