Fig. 7: Elevated Smyd5 promotes the tumorigenesis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

a Smyd5 was elevated in LIHC tumors compared with normal tissues. The expression levels of Smyd5 were generated from the TCGA database through GEPIA analysis⁴³. TPM, transcript per million. P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA. The boxes were drawn from lower quartile (Q1) to upper quartile (Q3) with the middle line denoting the median, and whiskers with maximum 1.5 IQR. b Kaplan–Meier analysis of the overall survival in LIHC cases based on Smyd5 level. Patient data were from the TCGA database through GEPIA analysis⁴³. HR, hazard rate ratio. c Schema showing the plasmids used for mouse work. ACT, actin promoter. PB, piggyBac. PBL and PBR, piggyBac repeat termini. U6, U6 promoter. d Smyd5 functions in the tumorigenesis of liver tumors. High expressions of Nras and Ctnnb1 in liver were introduced in mice by HTVI. Smyd5 was knocked down by shRNAs or reexpressed by overexpression of full length (FL) or C-terminal deletion (∆C) Smyd5. Mice were sacrificed 90–100 days after injection and livers were pictured. Three representative livers in each cohort were shown. e H&E and HA-tag staining of mouse livers. Mouse livers from different cohorts were fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained. CTNNB1 and NRAS were HA-tagged and could be stained by HA-tag staining. Representative livers were shown. Scale bars, 2 mm and 0.5 mm in scanned and zoom in figures, respectively. f The liver to body ratio of different cohorts. 13 mice in each group were summarized. Data are mean ± SD. P values were calculated by Student’s t test, one-sided. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. g The expression levels of Smyd5 were analyzed via RT-PCR. The expression level of Smyd5 in normal liver tissues from normal mice was set as 1. The data are represented by the mean ± SD. P values were calculated by Student’s t test, one-sided. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. h Schema showing SMYD5 methylates H3K36me3 at promoters and SETD2 is responsible for H3K36me3 in gene bodies. TSS, transcription stat site. TES, transcription end site.