Fig. 1: Bio-inspired preparation of PPMs by SWOW spreading.
From: Spontaneous water-on-water spreading of polyelectrolyte membranes inspired by skin formation

a Schematic illustration of the formation of skin barriers (left): near the skin surface, the change of intracellular pH value (from 7.4 to 5.5) drives phase separation to form squama. This process inspires the coupling of pH-responsive PEI-PSSNa complexation to water–water interface (right). b Optical photographs of a drop (~40 μL) of PEI-PSSNa solution spreading on water (pH 2.25, 25 oC). c Effect of spreading time on the diameter of PPM2.25. d FT-IR curves of PPM2.25 and PEI. e Elemental analysis of PPMx (x: 2.25, 1.75, 1.5, 1). Note: PP means PEI-PSSNa solution.