Fig. 1: High-fidelity DLP bioprinting using the GelMA/HAMA bioinks featuring both enhanced printability and widely tunable mechanical properties.

a Schematic of the DLP-based 3D bioprinting with conventional, pure GelMA bioinks, where bioprinting would fail because of the insufficient mechanical properties when the bioinks are used at low concentrations. b Schematic of the DLP-based 3D bioprinting showing high-fidelity fabrication using the GelMA bioinks homogeneously mixed with HAMA. c Enzymatic digestion procedure of the GelMA/HAMA-bioprinted constructs with elevated Hase concentration and treatment duration, enabling increased cleavage of HA, reducing matrix stiffness, and promoting cell spreading and functions. d Tissue-mimics bioprinted with the GelMA/HAMA bioinks could be obtained by precisely controlling the post-bioprinting digestion of the HAMA component to achieve target tissue-matching mechanical properties across a wide range.