Fig. 1: Conceptual diagram of the underwater wireless communication.
From: Underwater wireless communication via TENG-generated Maxwell’s displacement current

(signals generated by TENG is directly transmitted without amplification by an external power source). a The application and (b) the flow chart of the underwater wireless communication. c Schematic diagram of the capacitance model, \({{{\varepsilon }}}_{{{r}}}\) is relative permittivity, E is the original electric field, P is the polarization electric field, E′ is the combined electric field of (E) and (P), and all about Q are amount of charge.