Fig. 5: Central glycerolipid metabolism is essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A–F Screen of neutral lipid biosynthesis inhibitors. HEK-293T-ACE2 cells were treated with 10 µM of each compound overnight prior to infection. Cells were infected for 48 h prior to supernatant collection. Bars represent viral titers from cells treated with the indicated inhibitors, measured by focus-forming assay. The box plots are presented with the elements: center line, median; box limits, Q1 and Q3; whiskers, 1.5 x interquartile range, from three independent experiments; individual data points are also shown, representing biological replicates (n = 9). P-values are derived one-way ANOVA. FASN = fatty acid synthase; PAP = phosphatidic acid phosphatase; LPP = lipid phosphate phosphatase; DGK = diacylglycerol kinase; ATGL = adipose triacylglycerol lipase; DGAT = diacylglycerolacetyltransferase; PLC = phospholipase C G EC₅₀ curves for selected inhibitors in 293T-ACE2 cells. HEK-293T-ACE2 cells were treated with 2-fold dilutions of each compound overnight prior to infection. Cells were infected for 48 h prior to supernatant collection and focus-forming assay. Percent infection is calculated as [Titer(inhibitor) /Titer(vehicle)]*100. Data are from three independent experiments. Error band is SE; the measure of center for the error band is the mean. Curve fits are calculated using a nonlinear curve fit to the Hill equation: Response = (Max Response)/(1 + [EC₅₀/Concentration]^n), where the max response is defined as 100% inhibition. H EC₅₀ curves for selected inhibitors in Caco2 cells. Experiment and analysis same as described in (G). I EC₅₀ values from the curves in G and H. EC₅₀ values are calculated from the curve fit described above. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.