Table 2 The large-scale climate patterns during extreme high Larsen C surface melt.

From: Central tropical Pacific convection drives extreme high temperatures and surface melt on the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula

Year

Melt (mm)

CPAC OLR / ENSO / SAM

DJFM

1994/95

433.7

−CPAC

1992/93

415.2

−CPAC / EN / −SAM

1997/98

411.8

−CPAC / EN

December

1994

229.2

−CPAC / EN / +SAM

1992

224.8

−CPAC / EN

1996

200.7

LN

January

2006

275.4

−CPAC / LN / −SAM

2007

257.0

−CPAC / EN / −SAM

1999

181.6

−CPAC / LN / +SAM

February

1998

139.7

+CPAC / EN

2006

83.4

−CPAC / −SAM

1993

65.7

−CPAC / EN

March

2015

14.5

−CPAC / EN / +SAM

1993

12.2

−CPAC / EN

1996

5.2

−CPAC / LN / +SAM

  1. The CPAC OLR, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and SAM conditions for the top three (90th percentile) DJFM and monthly Larsen C surface melt years during 1991–2015. Negative (enhanced convection; CPAC OLR ≤−0.5σ) and positive (suppressed convection; CPAC OLR ≥0.5σ) CPAC OLR years are labeled as −CPAC and +CPAC, respectively. La Niña (SOI ≥0.5σ) and El Niño (SOI ≤−0.5σ) years are labeled as LN and EN, respectively. Positive SAM (SAM ≥0.5σ) and negative SAM (SAM ≤−0.5σ) years are labeled +SAM and −SAM, respectively. Neutral CPAC OLR, SOI, and SAM index years within ±0.5σ are not labeled.
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