Fig. 2: Tandemly duplicated genes in the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway.

a Phylogenetic tree and expression pattern of 266 TPS genes in the patchouli genome. Solid lines in the phylogenetic tree represent patchouli genes, dashed lines represent genes from other species with clear subfamily definitions. The gene is denoted by a black square when its total FPKM is <1 in 18 RNA-seq datasets, by a blue square when its FPKM is >1 in 1–5 RNA-seq datasets and by a red star when its FPKM is >1 in >6 RNA-seq datasets. b Magnified view for part of the PTS-a-III group with high expression. The seven tandemly duplicated PatPTS genes on Chr49 are highlighted by cyan. c Dot-plot analysis of sequences from 5.65 Mb to 6.00 Mb on Chr49. Boxes indicate gene locations, and cyan boxes indicate genes numbered in Fig. 2b. Green and red dots represent forward and reverse alignments, respectively. d Total relative expression level of seven PatPTS genes in mature leaves of the SP, YN, and HN accessions. The values of three replications are shown for each accession and presented as mean values ± SEM. The different letters above each accession indicate significant differences by One-way ANOVA. LSD test and Bonferroni’s adjustment were performed for multiple comparison. e Relative abundance of patchouli alcohol in mature leaves of the SP, YN, and HN accessions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.