Fig. 3: Crystallographic analysis of the phase transition and electric field-induced strains.
From: Deciphering the phase transition-induced ultrahigh piezoresponse in (K,Na)NbO3-based piezoceramics
a, b Summed integrated intensity of the 002 and 200 reflections of the tetragonal phase and the orthorhombic phase. Results were obtained in the a 0°-sector and b 45°-sector at an applied electric field of 0 to 2 kV mm−1. c Orientation-dependent piezoelectric coefficient deff of compositions x = 0.002, 0.006, and 0.008. Strain-electric field (S-E) hysteresis loops calculated from the evolution of the centers of mass of d 110 and e 200 reflections with the electric field. f Experimentally measured macroscopic S–E hysteresis loops.
