Fig. 1: Maternal vaccine-induced titers are comparable between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccination, but lower after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.

A Spike-specific IgG1 and Fc-receptor (FcR) binding were measured by Luminex. The dot plots show the titer for pregnant individuals who received Ad26.COV2.S (red), mRNA-1273 (yellow) or BNT162b2 (blue). The black diamond represents the group median. Significance was determined by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by posthoc Benjamini–Hochberg correction adjustment, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The exact p-values stated in the following order for all subpanels: mRNA-1273 vs Ad26.COV2.S, then BNT162b2 vs Ad26COV2.S. IgG1: p = 0.00035; p = 0.00048. FcR2a: p = 0.00018; p = 0.00019. FcR2b: p = 0.00018; p = 0.00019. FcR3a: p = 0.00018; p = 0.00019. B The dot plots show the Spike-specific antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP), antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD), and antibody-dependent NK cell degranulation, as measured by % CD107a + NK cells, in maternal samples. The black diamond represents the group median. Significance was determined by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by posthoc Benjamini–Hochberg correction adjustment, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The exact p-values stated in the following order for all subpanels: mRNA-1273 vs Ad26.COV2.S, then BNT162b2 vs Ad26COV2.S. ADCP: p = 0.00018 for both; ADNP: p = 0.0001 both; ADCD: p = 0.0001 both; % CD107a+: p = 0.00019 for both. C The dot plots show the S1- (top) or S2- (bottom) specific IgG1 or FcR-binding in maternal samples. Significance was determined by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by posthoc Benjamini–Hochberg correction adjustment, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The black diamond represents the group median. The exact p-values stated in the following order for all subpanels: mRNA-1273 vs Ad26.COV2.S, then BNT162b2 vs Ad26COV2.S. FcR2a S2: p = 0.00018, p = 0.0006. FcR3a S2: p = 0.000045, p = 0.000036. D A partial-least squares discriminant model (PLSDA) was built using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-selected SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody features in maternal samples, using vaccine type as the outcome variable. Each dot represents a sample, with the color representing the vaccine type. The ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval for the vaccine. E The barplot shows the latent variable (LV) 1 for the LASSO-selected features for the PLSDA in (D). Features with a positive loading along LV1 are enriched in mothers who received an mRNA vaccination, and features with a negative loading are enriched in mothers who received Ad26.COV2.S. Nearly all features are enriched in mRNA vaccine recipients. Source data are presented in Source Data File 1.