Fig. 2: Experimental results and equilibrium analysis for two cavity confined DNA chains of equal size.

a Montage of fluorescence images of two λ-DNA molecules confined in elliptical cavities with varying eccentricity (the eccentricity values, ranging top to bottom, are 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9). The scale bars are 2 μm and the time lapse between consecutive images is about 2 s. b Probability of finding a chain center at certain position within the cavity. The cross-section of the probablity density distribution, labeled with red dashed box, is shown next to the heatmap.The error bars denote the standard deviation of the probability density. c Free energy landscape within the cavity. The red lines indicate the projection of the landscape along the corresponding direction. d A cartoon giving the definition of the separation vector and θ. e The resultant θ-distribution for cavities of varying eccentricity. The inset shows the extracted order parameter. The error bars denote the standard error of the mean.