Fig. 2: Amh/Inhbb dKO XY testis forms normally at E12.5 but becomes ovotestis by E15.5.

A–C Immunofluorescence for SOX9 (Sertoli cells, yellow), GCNA1 (germ cells, blue), and FOXL2 (granulosa cells, pink) and D–F LAMININ (basal membrane, green), NR2F2 (interstitial cells, blue), and FOXL2 (granulosa cell, pink) on control XY (n = 4), dKO XY (n = 4), and control XX (n = 4) gonads at E12.5. A–C Dash lines highlight the boundary between the gonad and mesonephros. Scale bars = 25 um. G Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the transcriptome of whole gonads at E12.5. H Volcano plot shows differentially expressed genes between the control XY and dKO gonads at E12.5 (2-fold, one-way ANOVA, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05). I Relative mRNA expression level for genes critical for sex determination of the XY gonads (Sox9 and Fgf9) and XX gonads (Fst and Rspo1), N = 4 per group. Different letters indicate statistical difference (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s means separation test, p < 0.001). J–O Immunofluorescence for DMRT1 (Sertoli cells, green), GCNA1 (germ cells, blue), and FOXL2 (granulosa cells, pink). M–O higher magnification of inset shown in J–L. P–R LAMININ (basal membrane, green), NR2F2 (interstitial cells, blue), and FOXL2 (granulosa cells, pink) on control XY (n = 4), dKO XY (n = 4), and control XX gonads (n = 4) at E15.5. S Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the transcriptome of whole gonads at E15.5. T Volcano plot shows differentially expressed genes between the control XY and dKO XY gonad at E15.5 (2-fold, one-way ANOVA, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05). U Relative mRNA expression level for genes in the XY gonads (Sox9 and Dhh) and XX gonads (Fst and Rspo1) N = 4 per group. Different letters indicate statistical difference (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s means separation test, p < 0.001). I, U depict means ± SE of log intensity values. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. All data were collected from biologically independent samples.