Fig. 1: Illustration of our proposed scheme.

a Experimental setup and conceptual illustration. A random operation is uniquely determined by the d random spectral phases θm (ϕm) on the signal (idler) bins and the EOM modulation index δ. b Microscope image of the MRR chip. The device in the last column of the second row is used experimentally. c JSI of the output generated by the MRR. d Examples of JSI measurements simulated for the cases of both an entangled state and a classically correlated separable state for two different operations with δ = 1.5 rad (left) and δ = 2 rad (right) and randomly chosen spectral phases.