Fig. 2: Bryosymbiol (BSB), a previously unidentified SL is produced by M. paleacea.
From: An ancestral function of strigolactones as symbiotic rhizosphere signals
a Detection of carlactonoic acid. Carlactonoic acid in the exudates of different Marchantia species and the hornwort Phaeoceros carolinianus, protonema extract of the moss Physcomitrium patens, root exudates of ferns Dryopteris erythrosora and Matteuccia struthiopteris, and seed plants Asparagus officinalis and Arachis hypogaea were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms of carlactonoic acid (blue, 331.10/113.00; red, 331.10/69.00; m/z in negative mode) by LC-MS/MS are shown. b Identification of carlactonoic acid. Product ion spectra derived from the precursor ion (m/z 331 in negative mode) of the peaks detected in the exudates of M. paleacea and authentic carlactonoic acid (CLA) are shown. c Germination stimulation activity of the exudate of M. paleacea on root parasitic plants. The exudate was separated by reversed-phase HPLC every 30 s. All the fractions were tested for seed germination activity on Orobanche minor (green), Striga hermonthica (orange) and Phelipanche ramosa (blue). Data are means ± SE (∼30 seeds per disk, n = 3). The seed germination activity (%) of rac-GR24 (10−8 M) was 99.4 ± 0.6 on O. minor, 69.2 ± 4.2 on S. hermonthica and 38.7 ± 1.7 on P. ramosa. d Chemical structure of bryosymbiol (BSB). Numbering of atoms for BSB was adopted as the classic SLs. e Detection of BSB. BSB in the exudates of Marchantia species and the hornwort P. carolinianus, protonema extract of the moss P. patens, root exudates of ferns D. erythrosora and M. struthiopteris, and seed plants A. officinalis and A. hypogaea were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. MRM chromatograms of BSB (blue, 349.00/97.00; red, 349.00/165.00; green, 349.00/235.00; m/z in positive mode) are shown. f Product ion spectra of BSB. Product ion spectra derived from the precursor ion (m/z 349 in positive mode) of peaks detected in Marchantia species are shown.
