Table 4 Multivariable Cox regression models analyzing hazard ratios of post-discharge incident heart failure among patients with and without COVID-19 hospitalization.

From: Post-recovery COVID-19 and incident heart failure in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) study

Model*

HR (95% CI)

Incident heart failure

 Crude

1.69 (1.63–1.76)

 Demographics (age, race/ethnicity, sex)

1.37 (1.32–1.42)

 Demographics and risk factors†

1.40 (1.34–1.45)

 Demographics, risk factors, and medications‡

1.45 (1.39–1.51)

  1. The National COVID Cohort Collaborative Study.
  2. *Models based on 559,017 unique patients without missing age, race/ethnicity, or sex.
  3. †Risk factors = hypertension, obesity, coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease.
  4. ‡Medications = Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor blocker, beta blocker, and statins.
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