Fig. 3: Expression patterns of DROT1 and its subcellular localization.

a GUS staining. (I) Root. (II) Coleoptile. (III) leaf of seedling. (IV, V, and VI) Cross-sections of I, II and III separately. (VII, VIII, and IX) Magnification of the region framed by red box in IV, V, and VI, respectively. Scale bar, 500 μm in I-III, 200 μm in IV-VI, 20 μm in VII–IX. n = 5 biological replicates. b Schematic diagram of parenchyma cells (PC, indicated by black dashed line) and vascular bundles (V, indicated by red dashed line) in the cross-sections of rice internodes for microdissection. c, d qRT-PCR analysis of the vascular bundle-specific marker gene CesA4 (c) and DROT1 (d) in harvested cells or tissues as indicated in b. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3 biological replicates). Asterisks indicate statistical significance by two-tailed Student’s t-tests (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). e Expression of GUS gene promoted by different types of DROT1 cis-elements. Three vectors containing GUS reporter gene driven by the promoter ProY (the promoter of DROT1 from Yuefu), ProI (the promoter of DROT1 from IRAT109) or ProT (the promoter of DROT1 from Yuefu with the SNP s18975900 changed from C to T) were introduced into Nipponbare, respectively. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3 biological replicates). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences at P = 0.01 by one-way ANOVA. f, g Subcellular localization of DROT1. Seedlings root tissues of transgenic rice containing vector proDROT1::DROT1-GFP (f) or proDROT1::DROT1-mCherry (g) were observed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy, respectively. n = 3 independent experiments. The plasmolysis in the cells occurred by treated root tissues with 1 M sorbitol for 15 min. Bars = 20 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.