Fig. 4: Lithium isotope compositions of various battery precursors and components produced around the world (Finland, Canada, USA, Chile, Argentina, Russia, India, UK, China, and South Korea). | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Lithium isotope compositions of various battery precursors and components produced around the world (Finland, Canada, USA, Chile, Argentina, Russia, India, UK, China, and South Korea).

From: Tracing the origin of lithium in Li-ion batteries using lithium isotopes

Fig. 4: Lithium isotope compositions of various battery precursors and components produced around the world (Finland, Canada, USA, Chile, Argentina, Russia, India, UK, China, and South Korea).The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Spodumene concentrates (n = 3), lithium hydroxides (n = 11), lithium carbonates (n = 8), cathode active materials (n = 5), cathode sheets (n = 8). The lithium carbonate produced by American Lithium (L-SVEC) is also shown51. Error bars represent the 2σ associated with δ7Li values. Data are shown with blue box-plots for “Li triangle” salars (n = 103)35,36,37,38,39,40 and pink box-plots for hard-rocks (n = 20)32,33,34. The “hard-rocks domain” and “brines domain” defined in this study are shown by pink and blue hatched areas, respectively. The “unknown origin domain” is shown by the white area between the two hatched areas.

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