Fig. 4: Layout design of 4-primary white lighting system architecture and validation of computational design framework by the experiments.
a Simulated spectra of the monochromatic red, green, cyan, and blue QD-LEDs for the voltages from 3 V to 7 V with 1 V step. Simulated spectra of the 4-primary lighting systems having b identical and c optimised QD emission pattern widths for the voltages from 2 V to 7 V with 1 V step. Insets are the layouts of the pixelated QD-LEDs for the identical (b) and the optimised (c) emission pattern widths. d Experimental spectra of the fabricated monochromatic red, green, cyan, and blue QD-LED devices for the voltages from 3 V to 7 V with 1 V step. e, f Spectra of the fabricated 4-primary lighting systems having e identical and f optimised QD emission pattern widths for the voltages from 2 V to 7 V with 1 V step. Insets are the snapshots of EL-driven white lighting systems with the identical (e) and the optimised (f) emission pattern widths. g Voltage dependencies of current density (J) and luminance (L) curves of the lighting systems calculated from the simulation. h Simulated average CRI (CRIa) and the correlated colour temperature (CCT) variations of the lighting system having optimised emission widths. i Voltage-dependent chromaticity variations of the lighting systems having identical (green dots) and optimised (blue dots) obtained from the simulation. The chromaticity of the CIE standard illuminant D65 is marked with black star. j Experimental voltage dependencies of current density and luminance curves for the fabricated lighting systems. k Voltage dependencies of the CRIa and CCT for the fabricated lighting system having the optimised emission widths. l Voltage-dependent chromaticity variations of the fabricated lighting systems having identical (green dots) and optimised (blue dots) emission pattern widths.
