Fig. 5: Local Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions of power demand fluctuations.
From: Data-driven load profiles and the dynamics of residential electricity consumption
a Using only the high-frequency modes from the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), we plot the consumption fluctuations P(fluct.) over time. b, c Using superstatistical methods32, 33, we find a long-time scale T ≈ 2000 s, see also Supplementary Note 4. On this local time scale T, we observe local Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions, which can be very narrow (b) or broad (c). The histograms contain only 1000 (length of T, given a 2 s resolution) data points of P(fluct.) as local snapshots and we plot MB fits as references. In addition to the PDF, we compare the cumulative probability functions (CDF) of MB distribution with the data in the inset. All plots use the NOVAREF data from a test set in April. The time period and day are chosen for illustration purposes only.
