Fig. 3: Pattern of internal and surface failure regions of a cohesive rubble pile.
Dynamical internal pressure (a; tensile stress is expressed as a negative value) and internal and surface cohesion map (b) at the critical spin limit Tcrit for a simulation with strong cohesion (C = 10 Pa). Regional failure is initiated when the local dynamical internal/surface cohesion exceeds the value of the cohesive strength C, which determines the failure behaviours as indicated on the top of this figure. The dynamical internal pressure and cohesion are calculated based on the averaged-stress analysis using representative volume elements (the patches shown represent the elements in these cross-sections), and the dynamical surface cohesion is derived based on the rubble-pile alpha-shape model (Methods). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
