Fig. 2: Characterization of the physicochemical properties of the probes.

a Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of PDA, PCoA, and PCoA@M at pH = 7.2 and PCoA and PCoA@M at pH = 6.0. Scale bar: 500 nm. b SDS–PAGE protein analysis of the macrophage membrane, PCoA@M, and PCoA@D. c Hydrated particle sizes and zeta potentials of PDA, PCo, PCoA, and PCoA@M. Data are presented as the means ± s.d. (size: n = 3 independent samples, zeta potential measurements: n = 4 independent samples). d, e Elemental mapping and energy dispersive spectra of PCoA@M. f XPS of PCo and PCoA@M. Scale bar: 50 nm. g Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal curve of PCo. Inset: pore size distribution. h Absorption spectra of different concentrations of ADT. i Absorption spectra of PDA, PCo, PCoA, and PCoA@M. j X-ray powder diffraction analysis of Co-MOF, PCo, and PCoA. k Thermogravimetric analysis of Co-MOF, PCo, PCoA, and PCoA@M. l Infrared spectra of PDA, Co-MOF, ADT, and PCoA@M.