Fig. 4: Temporal dynamics of visuo-vestibular integration.

a–d Graphs showing the average time taken to reach the peak EMG amplitude for each modality during the different paradigms. Paired T-tests yielded significance results for: Low amplitude low speed (VIS to VES t(16) = 5.506, p < 0.001, n = 17 recordings from eight animals), Low amplitude high speed (VIS to VES t(23) = 10.871, p < 0.001, n = 24 recordings from eleven animals and VES to VISVES t(30) = −3.411, p = 0.002, n = 31 recordings from eleven animals), High amplitude high speed (VES to VISVES t(28) = 2.818, p = 0.009, n = 29 recordings from twelve animals). e Heat maps illustrating spiking activity during for four different paradigms for one representative animal. Values have been normalized to the highest density cluster, and dark blue signifies no spiking while yellow shows the greatest number of spikes. Each segment shows the spiking activity in a 100 ms windows, combining the averaged data from three different trials. All T-tests were two-tailed with no corrections. Throughout the figure, data are presented as mean values ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.