Fig. 2: Sustainability performance of the Egyptian economy in 2021–2035.

a parallel coordinates plot of the best-achievable aggregate performance based on four integrated policy strategies, b–f details of the economic policy portfolios associated with the five thick lines highlighted in panel (a), g Sankey diagram of the structure of household income and expenditure in 2035 with the baseline economic portfolio, and h Sankey diagram of the structure of household incomes and expenditures in 2035 in the low Gini economic portfolio. The thin lines in panel a represent all efficient portfolio options, while the thick lines highlight selected policy portfolios. The upward direction on each axis in panel (a) is desirable (i.e., a perfect policy would be a straight line across the top), and diagonal lines between axes indicate trade-offs. Supplementary Fig. 7 depicts a version of panel a with the efficient policy portfolios shown separately for each of the four integrated policy strategies. The number of economic policy portfolios (or lines) in panel (a) is 19723. The line and bar colors in panels (b) and (c) correspond to the thick lines with similar colors in panel (a) (i.e., selected economic policy portfolios). The Sankey diagrams in panels (g) and (h) show household income by source (left-most axis), recipient household group (two central axes), and expenditure (right-most axis). The boxes drawn around panels (g) and (h) correspond to the thick lines with similar colors in panel (a). The total gross domestic product (GDP) and household income values in panel (a) are discounted at 3%. CO₂ stands for carbon dioxide; Q1–Q5 are household classes based on income quintiles from poorest to richest.