Fig. 4: Influences of reaction parameters.
From: Rational highly dispersed ruthenium for reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulose
a Solvent effect, conditions: birch wood (250 mg), RuN/ZnO/C (10 wt%), solvent (15 mL), 220 °C, H2 (3 MPa at 25 °C, 8.6 MPa at 220 °C), and 4 h. b Reaction temperature effect, birch wood (250 mg), RuN/ZnO/C (25 mg, 10 wt%), MeOH (15 mL), 160–260 °C, H2 (3 MPa at 25 °C), and 4 h. c H2 pressure effect, birch wood (250 mg), RuN/ZnO/C (25 mg, 10 wt%), MeOH (15 mL), 220 °C, N2 (0.1 MPa at 25 °C) or H2 (0.1 to 4 MPa at 25 °C, the data in parentheses refer to H2 pressure at 220 °C), and 4 h. d Catalyst dosage effect, birch wood (250 mg), RuN/ZnO/C (0–20 wt%), MeOH (15 mL), 220 °C, H2 (3 MPa at 25 °C), and 4 h.
