Fig. 1: Integrated approach to the adaptation-energy feedback loop.
From: Increased energy use for adaptation significantly impacts mitigation pathways
The circle represents the integrated framework of the World Induced Technical Change Hybrid (WITCH) model, linking the economy, the energy system, and the climate system. Red lines indicate the components modified with new equations to model the adaptation-energy feedback loop. Top-left panel: eight clusters characterize the heterogeneity in the relationship between the Extreme Temperature Indicators (ETIs) and annual average temperature across world regions. Top-central panel: semi-elasticities as estimated in ref. 31 representing the percentage change in energy demand for one additional day with average daily temperature (T) in the upper (T > 27. 5 °C)/lower (T < 12. 5 °C) bin, see ref. 31. A detailed description of each step and of the methodological advancements is presented in the Methods and Supplementary Methods. The WITCH model version used for the analysis (WITCH 5.0) is described in detail in ref. 37.
