Fig. 2: Suppression of viral replication in SIV-infected infant macaques on short-term early interventions initiated at 3-, 4-, or 5-days post infection. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Suppression of viral replication in SIV-infected infant macaques on short-term early interventions initiated at 3-, 4-, or 5-days post infection.

From: Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth

Fig. 2: Suppression of viral replication in SIV-infected infant macaques on short-term early interventions initiated at 3-, 4-, or 5-days post infection.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Newborn macaques were intravenously inoculated with SIVmac251 within 6 hours after birth, followed by combined retroviral therapy (cART) with initiated at 3 dpi (a, n = 3), 4 dpi (b, n = 3), or 5 dpi (c, n = 3) till 28 days of age. Data are presented as the levels of plasma viral load in blood samples, with median value of individual infant macaques at different timepoints. ***p < 0.001, compared with the timepoint prior to treatment, determined with two-tailed t test. d Statistical analysis of plasma viral load in infant cohorts by early treatment initiated at −3 (n = 3), −4 (n = 3) or −5 dpi (n = 3) or without treatment (n = 3, combined with plasma viral load from staggered blood samples within 28 days of infection), in which all infant macaques were intravenously infected with SIV at birth and euthanized at 28dpi. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of plasma viral load for each group at different timepoints. ***p < 0.001 for the comparison between 4 or 5 dpi with 3 dpi at the same timepoints. Statistical significances were evaluated by two-tailed t test. Colored lines represent individual neonatal animals that received early antiretroviral drugs at 3, 4, or 5 dpi. The black line represents plasma viral load from staggered blood samples before treatment and collected from untreated infant animals. e–g Levels of total SIV RNA, total SIV DNA and integrated SIV DNA in lymphocytes freshly isolated from PBMC, axillary LN and rectum in infant macaques (n = 3 each group) at day 28 of age. Data are presented as box and scatter plot, median with 95% CI. *p < 0.05, compared with the untreated animal control for each tissue (n = 3), determined by two-tailed t test. Note that early interventions initiated at 3 dpi, compared to interventions with one or two days delayed (initiated at 4 or 5 dpi), conferred rapid and efficient suppression of viral replication. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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