Fig. 7: Illustration of our main finding of warming effects on plant total biomass, above- and belowground biomass, and root:shoot ratio.

a Biomes with low mean annual precipitation (MAP) irrespective of mycorrhizal association. b Biomes with high MAP and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). TB plant total biomass, AGB aboveground biomass, BGB belowground biomass, MB microbial biomass, MB C/N microbial biomass C N ratio, SIN soil inorganic nitrogen, WUE water use efficiency (Supplementary Data 3, Supplementary Figs. 8 and 9). The up- and downward arrows indicate significant increment and decrement of a response variable (p-value < 0.05), whereas “ns” indicates non-significant changes under warmed conditions. “~” corresponds to no change, and “?” indicates not known.