Fig. 3: Comparison of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) with North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (NASST) and volcanic forcing. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Comparison of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) with North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (NASST) and volcanic forcing.

From: Early warning signal for a tipping point suggested by a millennial Atlantic Multidecadal Variability reconstruction

Fig. 3

a Final reconstructions of AMV and NASST in sea surface temperature anomalies (°C). b Superposed epoch analysis45 for responses of the AMV and NASST reconstructions to the ten largest eruptions58 of the last millennium (see Supplementary Table 5). Composite series are performed for 31 years, with the 11th year being the year of the eruptions. Each individual response is centered to its values 10 years before the eruption (from N-10 to N-1, where N describes the year of occurrence of the eruption) before computing the composite time series. 95% confidence levels have been calculated using a Monte-Carlo approach45.

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