Fig. 2: Characterization of the HEI catalyst.

a HAADF-STEM image and the corresponding elemental maps of HEI/CeO2. b XRD patterns of HEI supported on Al2O3, SiO2 and CeO2. c Pt LIII, Co K, Ni K, In K, Sn K, and Ga K-edge XANES spectra of the in-situ reduced catalysts (solid lines) and reference foils (dashed lines) or oxides (dotted lined). d Pt LIII -edge EXAFS oscillations of Pt foil, Pt–Sn and HEI/CeO2. e Fourier transform of the In K-edge EXAFS of HEI/CeO2.