Fig. 3: Using the PCB heater to reduce the de-icing force, Fice, by locally increasing the temperature from T to TH, for different lengths of ice. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Using the PCB heater to reduce the de-icing force, Fice, by locally increasing the temperature from T to TH, for different lengths of ice.

From: Smart low interfacial toughness coatings for on-demand de-icing without melting

Fig. 3

a T = −20 °C increased to TH = −5 °C. b T = −30 °C increased to TH = –10 °C. c The effective reduction in interfacial toughness by locally increasing the temperature from T to TH using the PCB heaters. T is the overall system temperature and TH is the temperature at the surface of the heater/LIT coating. Errorbars denote 1 SD and here N ≥ 5. Source data are provided as a Source Data file67.

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