Table 1 UK Biobank blood biomarkers analyzed in this study

From: Identifying interpretable gene-biomarker associations with functionally informed kernel-based tests in 190,000 exomes

category

biomarker

short

N

sign. genes

bone and joint

Alkaline phosphatase

ALP

182,742

10

bone and joint

Calcium

 

168,054

3

bone and joint

Rheumatoid factor

 

15,997

0

bone and joint

Vitamin D

 

174,473

4

cardiovascular

Apolipoprotein A

ApoA

167,050

18

cardiovascular

Apolipoprotein B

ApoB

181,808

6

cardiovascular

C-reactive protein

CRP

182,320

3

cardiovascular

Cholesterol

 

182,735

9

cardiovascular

HDL cholesterol

HDL

168,043

20

cardiovascular

LDL direct

LDL

182,420

6

cardiovascular

Lipoprotein A

 

146,249

13

cardiovascular

Triglycerides

TG

182,587

12

diabetes

Glucose

 

167,916

3

diabetes

Glycated hemoglobin

HbA1c

182,494

9

hormonal

IGF-1

 

181,759

7

hormonal

Oestradiol

 

30,343

0

hormonal

SHBG

 

166,521

6

hormonal

Testosterone

 

165,211

1

liver

Alanine aminotransferase

ALT

182,675

5

liver

Albumin

 

168,139

4

liver

Aspartate aminotransferase

AST

182,096

2

liver

Direct bilirubin

 

154,963

6

liver

Gamma glutamyltransferase

GGT

182,655

7

liver

Total bilirubin

 

181,998

8

renal

Creatinine

 

182,639

7

renal

Cystatin C

 

182,720

7

renal

Phosphate

 

167,808

3

renal

Total protein

 

167,931

5

renal

Urate

 

182,538

8

renal

Urea

 

182,612

1

  1. Biomarker categories, biomarker names, their abbreviations used in the text (short), sample size (i.e., participants non-missing phenotype and complete covariates, N) and number of distinct genes significantly associated with each biomarker (sign. genes) after multiple testing correction (FWER ≤ 0.05).