Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | ESTHER study | KORA-Age study | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Discovery panel Subset I (n = 998) | Validation panel Subset II (n = 730) | Further validation Subset III (n = 538) | Validation in independent cohort Subset IV (n = 1010) | |
Age (years; mean ± SD) | 62.0 ± 6.7 | 61.7 ± 6.5 | 62.2 ± 6.6 | 75.9 ± 6.59 |
Sex (N/%) | ||||
Men | 438 (43.9) | 322 (44.1) | 208 (38.7) | 506 (50.1) |
Women | 560 (56.1) | 408 (55.9) | 330 (61.3) | 504 (49.9) |
Educational levels (N/%)a | ||||
Low (≤9 years) | 747 (76.5) | 524 (73.9) | 395 (75.1) | 206 (20.4) |
Intermediate (10–11 years) | 128 (13.1) | 112 (15.8) | 81 (15.4) | 531 (52.6) |
High (≥12 years) | 102 (10.4) | 73 (10.3) | 50 (9.5) | 273 (27.0) |
Body mass index (N/%)b | ||||
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 5 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) |
Normal weight (18.5-<25.0 kg/m2) | 256 (25.7) | 187 (25.7) | 161 (29.9) | 204 (20.2) |
Overweight (25.0–<30.0 kg/m2) | 476 (47.8) | 347 (47.6) | 230 (42.8) | 495 (49.0) |
Obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 258 (25.9) | 191 (26.2) | 146 (27.1) | 310 (30.7) |
Smoking status (N/%)c | ||||
Never smoker | 510 (52.2) | 346 (48.9) | 249 (47.7) | 578 (57.2) |
Former smoker | 312 (31.9) | 232 (32.8) | 176 (33.7) | 385 (38.1) |
Current smoker | 155 (15.9) | 129 (18.3) | 97 (18.6) | 47 (4.7) |
Alcohol consumption (g per day) | 9.8 ± 13.2 | 9.5 ± 12.8 | 8.9 ± 12.3 | 12.9 ± 17.4 |
Epigenetic frailty risk score (mean ± SD) | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
